Vue.js style guide

Linting

We default to eslint-vue-plugin, with the plugin:vue/recommended. Check the rules for more documentation.

Basic Rules

  1. The service has its own file
  2. The store has its own file

  3. Use a function in the bundle file to instantiate the Vue component: 

    // bad
class {
  init() {
    new Component({})
  }
}

// good
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => new Vue({
  el: '#element',
  components: {
    componentName
  },
  render: createElement => createElement('component-name'),
}));

  4. Do not use a singleton for the service or the store 

    // bad
class Store {
  constructor() {
    if (!this.prototype.singleton) {
      // do something
    }
  }
}

// good
class Store {
  constructor() {
    // do something
  }
}

  5. Use .vue for Vue templates. Do not use %template in HAML.

  6. Explicitly define data being passed into the Vue app 

    // bad
return new Vue({
  el: '#element',
  name: 'ComponentNameRoot',
  components: {
    componentName
  },
  provide: {
    ...someDataset
  },
  props: {
    ...anotherDataset
  },
  render: createElement => createElement('component-name'),
}));

// good
const { foobar, barfoo } = someDataset;
const { foo, bar } = anotherDataset;

return new Vue({
  el: '#element',
  name: 'ComponentNameRoot',
  components: {
    componentName
  },
  provide: {
    foobar,
    barfoo
  },
  props: {
    foo,
    bar
  },
  render: createElement => createElement('component-name'),
}));

    We discourage the use of the spread operator in this specific case in order to keep our codebase explicit, discoverable, and searchable. This applies in any place where we would benefit from the above, such as when initializing Vuex state. The pattern above also enables us to easily parse non scalar values during instantiation. 

    return new Vue({
  el: '#element',
  name: 'ComponentNameRoot',
  components: {
    componentName
  },
  props: {
    foo,
    bar: parseBoolean(bar)
  },
  render: createElement => createElement('component-name'),
}));

Naming

  1. Extensions: Use .vue extension for Vue components. Do not use .js as file extension (#34371).

  2. Reference Naming: Use PascalCase for their default imports: 

    // bad
import cardBoard from 'cardBoard.vue'

components: {
  cardBoard,
};

// good
import CardBoard from 'cardBoard.vue'

components: {
  CardBoard,
};
  3. Props Naming: Avoid using DOM component prop names.

  4. Props Naming: Use kebab-case instead of camelCase to provide props in templates. 

    // bad
<component class="btn">

// good
<component css-class="btn">

// bad
<component myProp="prop" />

// good
<component my-prop="prop" />

Alignment

  1. Follow these alignment styles for the template method:

    1. With more than one attribute, all attributes should be on a new line: 

      // bad
<component v-if="bar"
    param="baz" />

<button class="btn">Click me</button>

// good
<component
  v-if="bar"
  param="baz"
/>

<button class="btn">
  Click me
</button>

    2. The tag can be inline if there is only one attribute: 

      // good
  <component bar="bar" />

// good
  <component
    bar="bar"
    />

// bad
 <component
    bar="bar" />

Quotes

  1. Always use double quotes " inside templates and single quotes ' for all other JS. 

    // bad
template: `
  <button :class='style'>Button</button>
`

// good
template: `
  <button :class="style">Button</button>
`

Props

  1. Props should be declared as an object 

    // bad
props: ['foo']

// good
props: {
  foo: {
    type: String,
    required: false,
    default: 'bar'
  }
}

  2. Required key should always be provided when declaring a prop 

    // bad
props: {
  foo: {
    type: String,
  }
}

// good
props: {
  foo: {
    type: String,
    required: false,
    default: 'bar'
  }
}

  3. Default key should be provided if the prop is not required. There are some scenarios where we need to check for the existence of the property. On those a default key should not be provided. 

    // good
props: {
  foo: {
    type: String,
    required: false,
  }
}

// good
props: {
  foo: {
    type: String,
    required: false,
    default: 'bar'
  }
}

// good
props: {
  foo: {
    type: String,
    required: true
  }
}

Data

  1. data method should always be a function 

    // bad
data: {
  foo: 'foo'
}

// good
data() {
  return {
    foo: 'foo'
  };
}

Directives

  1. Shorthand @ is preferable over v-on 

    // bad
<component v-on:click="eventHandler"/>

// good
<component @click="eventHandler"/>

  2. Shorthand : is preferable over v-bind 

    // bad
<component v-bind:class="btn"/>

// good
<component :class="btn"/>

  3. Shorthand # is preferable over v-slot 

    // bad
<template v-slot:header></template>

// good
<template #header></template>

Closing tags

  1. Prefer self-closing component tags 

    // bad
<component></component>

// good
<component />

Component usage within templates

  1. Prefer a component’s kebab-cased name over other styles when using it in a template 

    // bad
<MyComponent />

// good
<my-component />

<style> tags

We don’t use <style> tags in Vue components for a few reasons:

  1. You cannot use SCSS variables and mixins or Tailwind CSS @apply directive.
  2. These styles get inserted at runtime.
  3. We already have a few other ways to define CSS.

Instead of using a <style> tag you should use Tailwind CSS utility classes or page specific CSS.

Ordering

  1. Tag order in .vue file 

    <script>
  // ...
</script>

<template>
  // ...
</template>

// We don't use `<style>` tags but there are few instances of this
<style>
  // ...
</style>

  2. Properties in a Vue Component: Check order of properties in components rule.

:key

When using v-for you need to provide a unique :key attribute for each item.

  1. If the elements of the array being iterated have an unique id it is advised to use it: 

    <div
  v-for="item in items"
  :key="item.id"
>
  <!-- content -->
</div>

  2. When the elements being iterated don’t have a unique ID, you can use the array index as the :key attribute 

    <div
  v-for="(item, index) in items"
  :key="index"
>
  <!-- content -->
</div>

  3. When using v-for with template and there is more than one child element, the :key values must be unique. It’s advised to use kebab-case namespaces. 

    <template v-for="(item, index) in items">
  <span :key="`span-${index}`"></span>
  <button :key="`button-${index}`"></button>
</template>

  4. When dealing with nested v-for use the same guidelines as above. 

    <div
  v-for="item in items"
  :key="item.id"
>
  <span
    v-for="element in array"
    :key="element.id"
  >
    <!-- content -->
  </span>
</div>

Useful links:

  1. Maintaining State
  2. Vue Style Guide: Keyed v-for

Vue testing

Over time, a number of programming patterns and style preferences have emerged in our efforts to effectively test Vue components. The following guide describes some of these. These are not strict guidelines, but rather a collection of suggestions and good practices that aim to provide insight into how we write Vue tests at GitLab.

Mounting a component

Typically, when testing a Vue component, the component should be “re-mounted” in every test block.

To achieve this:

  1. Create a mutable wrapper variable inside the top-level describe block.
  2. Mount the component using mount or shallowMount.
  3. Reassign the resulting Wrapper instance to our wrapper variable.

Creating a global, mutable wrapper provides a number of advantages, including the ability to:

  • Define common functions for finding components/DOM elements: 

    import MyComponent from '~/path/to/my_component.vue';
describe('MyComponent', () => {
  let wrapper;

  // this can now be reused across tests
  const findMyComponent = wrapper.findComponent(MyComponent);
  // ...
})
  • Use a beforeEach block to mount the component (see the createComponent factory for more information).
  • Automatically destroy the component after the test is run with enableAutoDestroy set in shared_test_setup.js.

Async child components

shallowMount will not create component stubs for async child components. In order to properly stub async child components, use the stubs option. Make sure the async child component has a name option defined, otherwise your wrapper’s findComponent method may not work correctly.

The createComponent factory

To avoid duplicating our mounting logic, it’s useful to define a createComponent factory function that we can reuse in each test block. This is a closure which should reassign our wrapper variable to the result of mount and shallowMount: 

import MyComponent from '~/path/to/my_component.vue';
import { shallowMount } from '@vue/test-utils';

describe('MyComponent', () => {
  // Initiate the "global" wrapper variable. This will be used throughout our test:
  let wrapper;

  // Define our `createComponent` factory:
  function createComponent() {
    // Mount component and reassign `wrapper`:
    wrapper = shallowMount(MyComponent);
  }

  it('mounts', () => {
    createComponent();

    expect(wrapper.exists()).toBe(true);
  });

  it('`isLoading` prop defaults to `false`', () => {
    createComponent();

    expect(wrapper.props('isLoading')).toBe(false);
  });
})

Similarly, we could further de-duplicate our test by calling createComponent in a beforeEach block: 

import MyComponent from '~/path/to/my_component.vue';
import { shallowMount } from '@vue/test-utils';

describe('MyComponent', () => {
  // Initiate the "global" wrapper variable. This will be used throughout our test
  let wrapper;

  // define our `createComponent` factory
  function createComponent() {
    // mount component and reassign `wrapper`
    wrapper = shallowMount(MyComponent);
  }

  beforeEach(() => {
    createComponent();
  });

  it('mounts', () => {
    expect(wrapper.exists()).toBe(true);
  });

  it('`isLoading` prop defaults to `false`', () => {
    expect(wrapper.props('isLoading')).toBe(false);
  });
})

createComponent best practices

  1. Consider using a single (or a limited number of) object arguments over many arguments. Defining single parameters for common data like props is okay, but keep in mind our JavaScript style guide and stay within the parameter number limit: 

    // bad
function createComponent(props, stubs, mountFn, foo) { }

// good
function createComponent({ props, stubs, mountFn, foo } = {}) { }

// good
function createComponent(props = {}, { stubs, mountFn, foo } = {}) { }

  2. If you require both mount and shallowMount within the same set of tests, it can be useful define a mountFn parameter for the createComponent factory that accepts the mounting function (mount or shallowMount) to be used to mount the component: 

    import { shallowMount } from '@vue/test-utils';

function createComponent({ mountFn = shallowMount } = {}) { }

  3. Use the mountExtended and shallowMountExtended helpers to expose wrapper.findByTestId(): 

    import { shallowMountExtended } from 'helpers/vue_test_utils_helper';
import { SomeComponent } from 'components/some_component.vue';

let wrapper;

const createWrapper = () => { wrapper = shallowMountExtended(SomeComponent); };
const someButton = () => wrapper.findByTestId('someButtonTestId');

  4. Avoid using data, methods, or any other mounting option that extends component internals. 

    import { shallowMountExtended } from 'helpers/vue_test_utils_helper';
import { SomeComponent } from 'components/some_component.vue';

let wrapper;

// bad :( - This circumvents the actual user interaction and couples the test to component internals.
const createWrapper = ({ data }) => {
  wrapper = shallowMountExtended(SomeComponent, {
    data
  });
};

// good :) - Helpers like `clickShowButton` interact with the actual I/O of the component.
const createWrapper = () => {
  wrapper = shallowMountExtended(SomeComponent);
};
const clickShowButton = () => {
  wrapper.findByTestId('show').trigger('click');
}

Setting component state

  1. Avoid using setProps to set component state wherever possible. Instead, set the component’s propsData when mounting the component: 

    // bad
wrapper = shallowMount(MyComponent);
wrapper.setProps({
  myProp: 'my cool prop'
});

// good
wrapper = shallowMount({ propsData: { myProp: 'my cool prop' } });

    The exception here is when you wish to test component reactivity in some way. For example, you may want to test the output of a component when after a particular watcher has executed. Using setProps to test such behavior is okay.

  2. Avoid using setData which sets the component’s internal state and circumvents testing the actual I/O of the component. Instead, trigger events on the component’s children or other side-effects to force state changes.

Accessing component state

  1. When accessing props or attributes, prefer the wrapper.props('myProp') syntax over wrapper.props().myProp or wrapper.vm.myProp: 

    // good
expect(wrapper.props().myProp).toBe(true);
expect(wrapper.attributes().myAttr).toBe(true);

// better
expect(wrapper.props('myProp').toBe(true);
expect(wrapper.attributes('myAttr')).toBe(true);

  2. When asserting multiple props, check the deep equality of the props() object with toEqual: 

    // good
expect(wrapper.props('propA')).toBe('valueA');
expect(wrapper.props('propB')).toBe('valueB');
expect(wrapper.props('propC')).toBe('valueC');

// better
expect(wrapper.props()).toEqual({
  propA: 'valueA',
  propB: 'valueB',
  propC: 'valueC',
});

  3. If you are only interested in some of the props, you can use toMatchObject. Prefer toMatchObject over expect.objectContaining: 

    // good
expect(wrapper.props()).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({
  propA: 'valueA',
  propB: 'valueB',
}));

// better
expect(wrapper.props()).toMatchObject({
  propA: 'valueA',
  propB: 'valueB',
});

Testing props validation

When checking component props use assertProps helper. Props validation failures will be thrown as errors: 

import { assertProps } from 'helpers/assert_props'

// ...

expect(() => assertProps(SomeComponent, { invalidPropValue: '1', someOtherProp: 2 })).toThrow()